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Background: Ventilator weaning is a process of discontinuing mechanical ventilation and transitioning patients to independent breathing after a period of mechanical support. Weaning outcomes among the critically ill in intensive care units (ICUs) vary significantly among individuals, leading to considerable variation in healthcare costs, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Addressing psychosocial aspects of care can improve weaning outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of psychosocial factors (social support, family/significant other support, ability to communicate) on weaning outcome within intensive care patients. This research hypothesized that psychological and social factors play a role in determining ventilator weaning outcomes among ICU patients. Methods: This study used a longitudinal, retrospective research design to analyze positive and negative psychosocial predictors of ventilator weaning outcomes. Data collection methods include interviews and questionnaires with patients and their families, as well as clinical data from the patient's medical records. Results: presence of anxiety, depression, and hallucinations, have a negative relationship with weaning outcomes regarding a patient's psychological characteristics (rs = -0.207, -0.163, -0.158), while communication with a patient during mechanical ventilation have a positive relationship with weaning outcomes regarding a patient's psychological characteristics (rs = 0.152; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover patients who have fear during weaning trials, feeling neglected, and feeling insecurity have a negative relationship with weaning outcomes while gaining family support during mechanical ventilation have a positive relationship with weaning outcomes (rs = 0.144; p ≤ 0.05).Significance of results, the findings suggests that psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression, patient's perception of their illness, motivation to wean, and family involvement can influence the success of ventilator weaning among patients in ICUs.
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INTRODUCTION: Testicular cancer (TC) incidence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to investigate Saudi nursing students' knowledge and perception about TC. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was done using convenience sampling method. In this study, 280 nursing students from different nursing schools in six cities of Saudi Arabia were recruited. A structured self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULT: About 49.2% of the participants received education about TC in their nursing schools. The findings showed lack of enough knowledge about TC among Saudi nursing students. Mostly, the participants reported that heredity factor and having family history of TC (48.9%) and age between 56 and 70 years (41.8%) were the most common risk factors of TC. According to the participants, physical examination was the most common diagnostic test usually used for early detection of TC (40.4%) and biopsy test was the most accurate test to confirm TC diagnosis (45.4%). Only one third of the participants (34.6%) knew that between 75% and 100% of TC cases can be cured in case of early detection. About half of the participants (51.8%) reported that surgical procedure was the most common treatment for TC. The nursing students who had high GPA (r=0.86, p<0.001), were unwilling to get more information on TC (r=0.24, p=0.04), had family history of TC (r= 0.53, p=0.02), medical problems with testicles (r= 0.69, p=0.01), received education about TC in their school of nursing (r=0.65, p=0.02), and were more self-confident in assessing and managing TC (r=0.38, p=0.03) had higher level knowledge about TC. Conclusion: Despite the importance of nurses' roles in assessing and managing TC, nursing students in Saudi Arabia still did not have enough knowledge about TC. Improving nursing programs' curricula and conducting health education programs are recommended.
